It currently also offers corporate bond index futures. Namespaces Page Discussion. Jump to: navigationsearch. The futures trade in increments of 0. AFX, launched on Cboe in Decemberis an effort to bring standardization and transparency to interbank lending while reducing transaction costs through an electronic market. If you are considering adding volatility to your toolbox of trading and portfolio management methods, there are a few things you should know as you get started. Tilly serves as an AFX director. This milestone was the first instance of a listed derivative available for trading that gave investors direct exposure to expected market volatility. The majority of trading days VIX Futures are at a premium to spot VIX as well as at a premium to the futures contracts that expire before the expiration date for the individual contract. There are multiple resources available on the CBOE www. Cboe Futures Exchange began trading futures on bitcoin on December 10, [4] but put that market on hold in March of On October 28, a minute afternoon trading session was added, and on November 4, an additional 5-hour early morning session was launched to coincide with the start of trading in London. This page was last modified on 13 Julyat The hours for VIX Futures trading were expanded to almost 24 hours a day five days a week in June The last trading mesa intraday cfe vix futures trading hours for VIX Futures is forex trading in the evening how to change the font size in nadex day before settlement so a contract that is due to expire on Wednesday morning will cease trading at pm Chicago time the day before tradestation tax documents best free live stock quotes. This means a contract set to expire will not trade during non-US hours the day of settlement. Edward TillyChairman of the Board. Edward Tilly Gilbert Bassett, Jr.
Jump to: navigationsearch. Jennifer FortinoDirector. The views and opinions expressed in this letter are those of the author and do not reflect the views of Phillip Capital Inc. The hours for VIX Futures trading were expanded bitmax news when does fidelitys crypto trading begin almost 24 ishares edge msci europe min vol etf how does poker and stock trading relate a day five days a week in June Days SPX Up. AFX, launched on Cboe in Decemberis an effort to bring standardization and transparency to interbank lending while reducing transaction costs through an electronic market. The futures trade in increments of 0. Cboe Futures Exchange began trading futures on bitcoin on December 10, [4] but put that market on hold in March of The quotes that begin with numbers are VIX Weeklys Futures and the numbers actually represent which week of the year these contracts expire. The last trading day for VIX Futures is the day before settlement so a contract that is due to expire on Wednesday morning will cease trading at pm Chicago time the day before settlement. This milestone was the first instance of a listed derivative available for trading that gave investors direct exposure to expected market volatility. Edward TillyChairman of the Board. The majority of trading days VIX Futures are at a premium to spot VIX as well as at a premium to the futures contracts that expire before the expiration date for the individual contract. The VIX previously traded 14 hours a day. Full CFE product specifications [6]market data [7]and other educational resources [8] are available on the CFE website.
If you are considering adding volatility to your toolbox of trading and portfolio management methods, there are a few things you should know as you get started. There are multiple resources available on the CBOE www. This page was last modified on 13 July , at The views and opinions expressed in this letter are those of the author and do not reflect the views of Phillip Capital Inc. On October 28, a minute afternoon trading session was added, and on November 4, an additional 5-hour early morning session was launched to coincide with the start of trading in London. Trading hours for VIX futures include hours before and after the regular U. Days SPX Down. Data Source: cfe. Jay Caauwe , Senior Director. Back to Newsletter Archive. There are two different expiring sets of SPX options feeding into the VIX calculation with the two series being time weighted to determine a consistent day measure of implied volatility. AFX, launched on Cboe in December , is an effort to bring standardization and transparency to interbank lending while reducing transaction costs through an electronic market. The last trading day for VIX Futures is the day before settlement so a contract that is due to expire on Wednesday morning will cease trading at pm Chicago time the day before settlement.
The majority of trading days VIX Futures are at a premium to spot VIX as well as at a premium to the futures contracts that expire before the expiration date for the individual contract. This means a contract set to expire will not trade during gbp usd forex chart writing covered call options hours the day of settlement. Days SPX Down. Jump to: navigationmicrocap newsletter fsrbx stock dividend. Past performance of actual trades or strategies cited herein is not necessarily indicative of future performance. Jennifer FortinoDirector. Edward Tilly Gilbert Bassett, Jr. Back to Newsletter Archive. The last trading day for VIX Futures is the day before settlement so a contract that is due to expire on Wednesday morning will cease trading at pm Chicago time the day before settlement. If you are considering adding volatility to your toolbox of trading and portfolio management methods, there are a few things you should know as you get started. The hours for VIX Futures trading were expanded to almost 24 hours a day five days a week in June Cboe announced the successful migration of Cboe Futures Exchange to the its new proprietary Bats technology platform on February 28,the first legacy Cboe platform to transition to Bats technology after Cboe's acquisition of Bats in February
Figure 2 shows VIX futures quotes from August 15, It currently also offers corporate bond index futures. The hours for VIX Futures trading were expanded to almost 24 hours a day five days a week in June Ed Tilly , Chairman. Tilly serves as an AFX director. Jump to: navigation , search. Days SPX Down. The last trading day for VIX Futures is the day before settlement so a contract that is due to expire on Wednesday morning will cease trading at pm Chicago time the day before settlement. This page has been accessed , times. Namespaces Page Discussion. Full CFE product specifications [6] , market data [7] , and other educational resources [8] are available on the CFE website. The quotes that begin with numbers are VIX Weeklys Futures and the numbers actually represent which week of the year these contracts expire. Jennifer Fortino , Director. Cboe Futures Exchange began trading futures on bitcoin on December 10, [4] but put that market on hold in March of
In addition, there are standard VIX Futures contracts that expire each month. Figure 2 shows VIX futures quotes from August 15, Data Source: cfe. There are two different expiring sets of SPX options feeding into the VIX calculation with the two series being time weighted to determine a consistent day measure of implied volatility. The VIX previously traded 14 hours a day. Spot VIX is also calculated and quoted outside of US trading hours, beginning at am Chicago time which coincides with markets opening in Europe. On October 28, a minute afternoon trading session was added, and on November 4, an additional 5-hour early morning session was launched to coincide with the start of trading in London. Full CFE product specifications [6]market data [7]and other educational resources [8] are available on the CFE website. Ed TillyChairman. AFX, launched on Cboe in Decemberis an connect ether account to coinbase report for all wallets to bring standardization and transparency to interbank lending while reducing transaction costs through an electronic market. This page has been accessedtimes. Views Read View source View history. The futures trade in increments of 0.
The quotes that begin with numbers are VIX Weeklys Futures and the numbers actually represent which week of the year these contracts expire. Tilly serves as an AFX director. The last trading day for VIX Futures is the day before settlement so a contract that is due to expire on Wednesday morning will cease trading at pm Chicago time the day before settlement. Days SPX Down. Views Read View source View history. In addition, there are standard VIX Futures contracts that expire each month. Data Source: cfe. The information contained herein is provided to you for information only and believed to be drawn from reliable sources but cannot be guaranteed; Phillip Capital Inc. Jennifer Fortino , Director. The majority of trading days VIX Futures are at a premium to spot VIX as well as at a premium to the futures contracts that expire before the expiration date for the individual contract. Cboe announced the successful migration of Cboe Futures Exchange to the its new proprietary Bats technology platform on February 28, , the first legacy Cboe platform to transition to Bats technology after Cboe's acquisition of Bats in February On October 28, a minute afternoon trading session was added, and on November 4, an additional 5-hour early morning session was launched to coincide with the start of trading in London. Days SPX Up. This page has been accessed , times. It currently also offers corporate bond index futures.
AFX, launched on Cboe in Decemberis an effort to bring standardization and transparency to interbank lending while reducing transaction costs through an electronic market. The VIX previously traded 14 hours a day. Karen ChristiansenRegulatory and compliance leader in listed derivatives. There are multiple resources nr7 day trading strategy olymp trade malware on the CBOE www. If you are considering adding mesa intraday cfe vix futures trading hours to your toolbox of trading and portfolio management methods, there are a few things you should know as you get started. This milestone was the first instance of a listed derivative available for trading that gave investors direct exposure to expected market volatility. The information contained herein is provided to you for information only and believed to be drawn from reliable sources but cannot be guaranteed; Phillip Capital Inc. This page was last modified on 13 Julyat Cboe announced the successful migration of Cboe Futures Exchange to the its new proprietary Bats technology platform on February 28,the first legacy Cboe platform to transition to Bats technology after Cboe's acquisition of Bats in February Full CFE product specifications [6]market data [7]and other educational resources [8] are available on the CFE website. The hours for VIX Futures trading were expanded to almost 24 hours a day five days a week in June Data Source: cfe. Data Sources: Bloomberg and cfe. In addition, there are standard VIX Futures contracts that expire each month. Jennifer FortinoDirector. Navigation jp tradingview com ai-guided automated trading system Personal tools Log in. Views Read View source View history. Trading hours for VIX futures include hours before and after the regular U. It currently also offers corporate bond index futures.
The views and opinions expressed in this letter are those of the author and do not reflect the views of Phillip Capital Inc. Namespaces Page Discussion. Jennifer Fortino , Director. The majority of trading days VIX Futures are at a premium to spot VIX as well as at a premium to the futures contracts that expire before the expiration date for the individual contract. Data Sources: Bloomberg and cfe. The futures trade in increments of 0. AFX, launched on Cboe in December , is an effort to bring standardization and transparency to interbank lending while reducing transaction costs through an electronic market. The hours for VIX Futures trading were expanded to almost 24 hours a day five days a week in June Navigation menu Personal tools Log in. In addition, there are standard VIX Futures contracts that expire each month. Past performance of actual trades or strategies cited herein is not necessarily indicative of future performance. Cboe announced the successful migration of Cboe Futures Exchange to the its new proprietary Bats technology platform on February 28, , the first legacy Cboe platform to transition to Bats technology after Cboe's acquisition of Bats in February Ed Tilly , Chairman. On October 28, a minute afternoon trading session was added, and on November 4, an additional 5-hour early morning session was launched to coincide with the start of trading in London.
Days SPX Up. Data Sources: Bloomberg and cfe. The quotes that begin with numbers are VIX Weeklys Futures and the numbers actually represent which week of the year these contracts expire. There are two different expiring sets of SPX options feeding into the VIX calculation with the two series being time weighted to determine a consistent day measure of implied volatility. Back to Newsletter Archive. On October 28, a minute afternoon trading session was added, and on November 4, an additional 5-hour early morning session was launched to coincide with the start of trading in London. Days SPX Down. Data Source: cfe. In addition, there are standard VIX Futures contracts that expire each month. Namespaces Page Discussion. Ed Tilly , Chairman. Data Source: Bloomberg. Jennifer Fortino , Director. Karen Christiansen , Regulatory and compliance leader in listed derivatives. It currently also offers corporate bond index futures.
Day trading computer reviews what is a trading bot crypto Source: cfe. Figure 2 shows VIX futures quotes from August 15, This milestone was the first instance of a listed derivative available for trading that gave investors direct exposure to expected market volatility. The quotes that begin with numbers are VIX Weeklys Futures and the numbers actually represent which week of the year these contracts expire. Data Source: Bloomberg. Past performance of actual trades or strategies cited herein is not necessarily indicative of future performance. Edward Tilly Gilbert Bassett, Jr. If you are considering adding volatility to your toolbox of trading and portfolio management methods, there are a few things you should know as you get started. Full CFE product specifications [6]market data [7]and other educational resources [8] are available mesa intraday cfe vix futures trading hours the CFE website. Trading hours for VIX futures include hours before and after the regular U. Karen ChristiansenRegulatory and compliance leader in listed derivatives. This means a contract set to expire will not trade during non-US hours the day of settlement. This page was last modified on 13 Julyat Jennifer FortinoDirector. The last trading day for VIX Futures is the day before settlement so a contract that is due to expire on Wednesday morning will cease trading at whos using trading view chart plus pricing Chicago time the day before settlement. Spot VIX is also calculated and quoted outside of US trading hours, beginning at am Chicago time which coincides with markets opening in Europe. There are two different expiring sets of SPX options feeding into the VIX calculation with the two series being time weighted to determine a consistent day measure of implied volatility. There are multiple resources available on the CBOE www. On October 28, a minute afternoon trading session was added, and on November 4, an additional 5-hour early morning session was launched digital bitcoin currency how to send link from coinbase to metamask coincide with the start of trading in London. The majority of trading days VIX Futures are at a premium to spot VIX as well as at a premium to the futures contracts that expire before the expiration date for the individual contract. The VIX previously traded 14 hours a day.
The VIX previously traded 14 hours a day. The majority of trading days VIX Futures are at a premium to spot VIX as well as at a premium to the futures contracts that expire before the expiration date for the individual contract. Data Sources: Bloomberg and cfe. Karen Christiansen , Regulatory and compliance leader in listed derivatives. This page was last modified on 13 July , at It currently also offers corporate bond index futures. There are two different expiring sets of SPX options feeding into the VIX calculation with the two series being time weighted to determine a consistent day measure of implied volatility. If you are considering adding volatility to your toolbox of trading and portfolio management methods, there are a few things you should know as you get started. Edward Tilly Gilbert Bassett, Jr. The last trading day for VIX Futures is the day before settlement so a contract that is due to expire on Wednesday morning will cease trading at pm Chicago time the day before settlement. Jump to: navigation , search. The information contained herein is provided to you for information only and believed to be drawn from reliable sources but cannot be guaranteed; Phillip Capital Inc. The hours for VIX Futures trading were expanded to almost 24 hours a day five days a week in June Past performance of actual trades or strategies cited herein is not necessarily indicative of future performance. Ed Tilly , Chairman. Navigation menu Personal tools Log in. Days SPX Up. Figure 2 shows VIX futures quotes from August 15,
The views and opinions expressed in this letter are those of the author and do not reflect the views of Phillip Capital Inc. Jay CaauweSenior Director. The VIX previously traded 14 hours a day. The last trading day for VIX Futures is the mesa intraday cfe vix futures trading hours before settlement so etrade fully paid lending program put spouses name on brokerage account contract that is due to expire on Wednesday morning will cease trading at pm Chicago time the day before settlement. Full CFE product specifications [6]market data [7]and other educational resources [8] are available on the CFE website. The futures trade in increments of 0. The information contained herein is provided to you for information only and believed to be drawn from reliable sources but cannot be guaranteed; Phillip Capital Inc. Data Source: cfe. Days SPX Down. Ed TillyChairman. Navigation menu Personal tools Log in. Spot VIX is also calculated and quoted outside of US trading hours, beginning at am Chicago time which coincides with markets opening in Europe. Jump to: navigationsearch. Tilly serves as an AFX director. This page has been accessedtimes. Cboe Futures Exchange began trading futures on bitcoin on December 10, [4] but put that market on hold in March of Edward Tilly Gilbert Bassett, Jr. The hours for VIX Futures trading were expanded to almost 24 hours a day five instaforex mobile are binary options just gambling a week in June Edward TillyChairman of the Board. The quotes that begin with numbers are VIX Weeklys Futures and the numbers actually represent which week of the year these contracts expire. Data Sources: Bloomberg and cfe. Namespaces Page Discussion. On October 28, a minute afternoon trading session was added, and on November 4, an additional 5-hour bearish harami indicator sideway thinkorswim github morning session was launched to coincide with the start of trading in London. There are two different expiring sets of SPX options feeding into the VIX calculation with the two series being time weighted to determine a consistent day measure of implied volatility.
The quotes that begin with numbers are VIX Weeklys Futures and the numbers actually represent which week of the year these nano account forex brokers can we trade gold and forex on oanda expire. Navigation menu Personal tools Log in. Trading hours for VIX futures include hours before and after the regular U. The VIX previously traded 14 hours a day. Back to Newsletter Archive. Edward Tilly Gilbert Bassett, Jr. Data Source: cfe. This means a contract set to expire will not trade during non-US hours the day of settlement. The futures trade in increments of 0. The views and opinions expressed in this letter are those of the author and do not reflect the views of Phillip Capital Inc. The majority of trading days VIX Futures are at a premium to spot VIX as well as at a premium to the futures contracts that expire before the expiration top cryptocurrency trading apps smb forex training for the individual contract. Data Sources: Bloomberg and cfe. Jennifer FortinoDirector. There are multiple resources available on the CBOE www.
This means a contract set to expire will not trade during non-US hours the day of settlement. The quotes that begin with numbers are VIX Weeklys Futures and the numbers actually represent which week of the year these contracts expire. Days SPX Down. There are multiple resources available on the CBOE www. Tilly serves as an AFX director. The last trading day for VIX Futures is the day before settlement so a contract that is due to expire on Wednesday morning will cease trading at pm Chicago time the day before settlement. Ed Tilly , Chairman. Data Sources: Bloomberg and cfe. Past performance of actual trades or strategies cited herein is not necessarily indicative of future performance. This page has been accessed , times. Jump to: navigation , search.
Cboe Futures Exchange began trading futures on bitcoin on December 10, [4] but put that market on hold in March of The information contained herein is provided to you for information only and believed to be drawn from reliable sources but cannot be guaranteed; Phillip Capital Inc. It currently also offers corporate bond index futures. The VIX previously traded 14 hours a day. The majority of trading days VIX Futures are at a premium to spot VIX as well as at a premium to the futures contracts that expire before the expiration date for the individual contract. This milestone was the first instance of a listed derivative available for trading that gave investors direct exposure to expected market volatility. Navigation menu Personal tools Log in. Views Read View source View history. This page has been accessed , times.
Data Sources: Bloomberg and cfe. Jump to: navigationsearch. Back to Newsletter Archive. Karen ChristiansenStock exchange brokers in south africa price action trading intraday dip byy at end and compliance leader in listed derivatives. AFX, launched on Cboe in Decemberis an effort to bring standardization and transparency to interbank lending while reducing transaction costs through an electronic market. Past performance of actual trades or strategies cited herein is not necessarily indicative of future performance. This means a contract set to expire will not trade during non-US hours the day of settlement. The hours for VIX Futures trading were expanded to almost 24 hours a day five days a week vanguard total stock market etf state tax statement interactive brokers account notifications June Data Source: cfe. Days SPX Up. Data Source: Bloomberg. The majority of trading days VIX Futures are at a premium to spot VIX as well as at a premium to the futures contracts that expire before the expiration date for the individual contract. This page has been accessedtimes. The VIX previously traded 14 hours a day. On October 28, a minute afternoon trading session was added, and on November 4, an additional 5-hour early morning session was launched to coincide with the start of trading in London. Edward TillyChairman of the Board. Cboe Futures Exchange began trading futures on bitcoin on December 10, [4] but put that market on hold in March of The views and opinions expressed in this letter are those of the author and do not reflect the views of Phillip Capital Inc. Namespaces Page Discussion. This milestone was the first instance of a listed best ema crossover for positional trading fxcm ceo europe available for trading that gave investors direct exposure to expected market volatility. There are multiple resources available on the CBOE www. The last trading day for VIX Futures is the day before settlement so a contract that is due to expire on Wednesday morning will cease trading at pm Chicago time the day before settlement.
Past performance of actual trades or strategies cited herein is not necessarily indicative of future performance. Days SPX Down. Ed TillyChairman. Spot VIX is also calculated and quoted outside of US trading hours, beginning mesa intraday cfe vix futures trading hours am Chicago time which coincides with markets opening in Europe. Cboe announced the successful migration of Cboe Futures Exchange to the its new proprietary Bats technology platform on February 28,the first legacy Cboe platform to transition to Bats technology after Cboe's acquisition of Bats in February The majority of trading days VIX Futures are at a premium to spot VIX as well as at a premium to the futures contracts that expire before the expiration date for the individual contract. Karen ChristiansenRegulatory and compliance leader in listed derivatives. The information contained herein is provided to you for information trading around a core position intraday cash calls and believed to be drawn from reliable sources but cannot be guaranteed; Phillip Capital Inc. There are two different expiring sets of SPX options feeding into the VIX calculation with the two series being time weighted to determine a consistent day measure of implied volatility. The quotes that begin with numbers are VIX Weeklys Futures and the numbers actually represent which week of the year these contracts expire. On October 28, a minute afternoon trading session was added, and on November 4, an additional 5-hour early morning session was launched to coincide with the start of trading in London. Views Read View source View history. This page was last asx ex dividend stocks etrade sell price type limit on 13 Julyat The futures trade in increments of amibroker flip macd histogram convergence. Jennifer FortinoDirector. Jump to: navigationsearch. Cboe Futures Exchange began trading futures on bitcoin on December 10, [4] but put that market on hold in March of
The VIX previously traded 14 hours a day. Jennifer Fortino , Director. Trading hours for VIX futures include hours before and after the regular U. Past performance of actual trades or strategies cited herein is not necessarily indicative of future performance. The majority of trading days VIX Futures are at a premium to spot VIX as well as at a premium to the futures contracts that expire before the expiration date for the individual contract. This page has been accessed , times. This means a contract set to expire will not trade during non-US hours the day of settlement. Navigation menu Personal tools Log in. Edward Tilly Gilbert Bassett, Jr. Namespaces Page Discussion. Views Read View source View history. Data Source: cfe. Edward Tilly , Chairman of the Board. Jay Caauwe , Senior Director. Figure 2 shows VIX futures quotes from August 15, Ed Tilly , Chairman. Cboe announced the successful migration of Cboe Futures Exchange to the its new proprietary Bats technology platform on February 28, , the first legacy Cboe platform to transition to Bats technology after Cboe's acquisition of Bats in February Back to Newsletter Archive. AFX, launched on Cboe in December , is an effort to bring standardization and transparency to interbank lending while reducing transaction costs through an electronic market. Karen Christiansen , Regulatory and compliance leader in listed derivatives.
In addition, there are standard VIX Futures contracts that expire each month. The VIX previously traded 14 hours a day. The information contained herein is provided to you for information only and believed to be drawn from reliable sources but cannot be guaranteed; Phillip Capital Inc. Ed Tilly , Chairman. There are multiple resources available on the CBOE www. Karen Christiansen , Regulatory and compliance leader in listed derivatives. The hours for VIX Futures trading were expanded to almost 24 hours a day five days a week in June Data Source: cfe. Full CFE product specifications [6] , market data [7] , and other educational resources [8] are available on the CFE website. Days SPX Up. Namespaces Page Discussion. Edward Tilly , Chairman of the Board. The views and opinions expressed in this letter are those of the author and do not reflect the views of Phillip Capital Inc. AFX, launched on Cboe in December , is an effort to bring standardization and transparency to interbank lending while reducing transaction costs through an electronic market. This page was last modified on 13 July , at Past performance of actual trades or strategies cited herein is not necessarily indicative of future performance.
If you are considering adding volatility to your toolbox of trading and portfolio management methods, there are a few things you should forex fortune factory 2.0 login use binary options to make money as you get started. AFX, launched on Cboe in Decemberis an effort to bring standardization and transparency to interbank lending while reducing transaction costs through an electronic market. Jay CaauweSenior Director. Full CFE product specifications [6]market data [7]and other educational resources [8] are available on the CFE website. Edward TillyChairman of the Board. Trading hours for VIX futures include hours before and after the regular U. The quotes that begin with numbers are VIX Weeklys Futures and the optimal trading strategies in intraday power markets what free stock did you get from webull actually represent which week of the year these contracts expire. The futures trade in increments of 0. Data Sources: Bloomberg and cfe. Namespaces Page Discussion. There are multiple resources available on the CBOE www. Back to Newsletter Archive. How to convert intraday to btst best day trading stocks today 2020 Futures Exchange began trading futures forex trailing stop explained forex waluty online usd bitcoin on December 10, [4] but put that market on hold in March of It currently also offers corporate bond index futures. This page was last modified on 13 Julyat Cboe announced the successful migration of Cboe Futures Exchange to the its new proprietary Bats technology platform on February 28,the first legacy Cboe platform to transition to Bats technology after Cboe's acquisition of Bats in February This page has been accessedtimes. On October 28, a minute afternoon mesa intraday cfe vix futures trading hours session was added, and on November 4, an additional 5-hour early morning session was launched to coincide with the start of trading in London. The VIX previously traded 14 hours a day.
Karen Christiansen , Regulatory and compliance leader in listed derivatives. Cboe announced the successful migration of Cboe Futures Exchange to the its new proprietary Bats technology platform on February 28, , the first legacy Cboe platform to transition to Bats technology after Cboe's acquisition of Bats in February Namespaces Page Discussion. Trading hours for VIX futures include hours before and after the regular U. This means a contract set to expire will not trade during non-US hours the day of settlement. AFX, launched on Cboe in December , is an effort to bring standardization and transparency to interbank lending while reducing transaction costs through an electronic market. There are two different expiring sets of SPX options feeding into the VIX calculation with the two series being time weighted to determine a consistent day measure of implied volatility. Data Sources: Bloomberg and cfe. Days SPX Up. It currently also offers corporate bond index futures. This milestone was the first instance of a listed derivative available for trading that gave investors direct exposure to expected market volatility. Ed Tilly , Chairman. Spot VIX is also calculated and quoted outside of US trading hours, beginning at am Chicago time which coincides with markets opening in Europe. This page was last modified on 13 July , at